The American Revolution
The American Revolution (1775–1783) transformed 13 British colonies into an independent nation — the United States of America.
Causes
Colonists resented British taxation without representation in Parliament. Key events:
• Stamp Act (1765) — taxed printed materials
• Townshend Acts (1767) — taxed imports
• Boston Massacre (1770) — British troops killed 5 colonists
• Boston Tea Party (1773) — colonists dumped British tea
Key Figures
| Person | Role |
|---|---|
| George Washington | Commander of Continental Army |
| Thomas Jefferson | Primary author of Declaration of Independence |
| Benjamin Franklin | Diplomat; secured French alliance |
| King George III | British monarch; refused colonial demands |
| Paul Revere | Warned colonists of British advance |
Key Events
1775: Battles of Lexington & Concord — "shot heard round the world"
1776: Declaration of Independence (July 4)
1777: Battle of Saratoga — turning point; France allies with colonists
1781: Battle of Yorktown — British surrender
1783: Treaty of Paris — Britain recognizes US independence
The Declaration of Independence
Written by Jefferson, it states all men are created equal with unalienable rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Justified breaking from Britain by listing colonial grievances.
FAQ
Why did France help the colonists? France was Britain's rival and saw an opportunity to weaken British power. Benjamin Franklin successfully negotiated the alliance after Saratoga showed the colonists could win.
Quick Quiz
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