Figurative Language

Figurative language expresses meaning beyond the literal words.

DeviceDefinitionExample
SimileComparison using "like" or "as""Her smile was like sunshine."
MetaphorDirect comparison (no like/as)"Life is a rollercoaster."
PersonificationGiving human traits to non-human things"The wind whispered through the trees."
HyperboleExtreme exaggeration for effect"I've told you a million times."
IdiomExpression with non-literal meaning"It's raining cats and dogs."

Sound Devices

DeviceDefinitionExample
AlliterationRepetition of consonant sounds at word starts"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."
AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds"The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain."
OnomatopoeiaWords that imitate soundsbuzz, crash, sizzle, hiss
RhymeSimilar ending sounds"Whose woods these are I think I know / His house is in the village though."

Narrative Devices

DeviceDefinition
ForeshadowingHints at future events to build suspense
FlashbackInterruption that shows an earlier event
IronyContrast between expectation and reality
SymbolismObject/person/place represents something larger
ImageryVivid sensory language that creates mental pictures
ToneAuthor's attitude toward the subject
MoodFeeling created in the reader

Quick Quiz

Test what you just learned. Choose the best answer for each question.