Environmental Science
Environmental science studies interactions between humans and the natural world — understanding problems and developing solutions.
Biogeochemical Cycles
Matter cycles through ecosystems. Key cycles:
Carbon cycle: photosynthesis absorbs CO₂; respiration/combustion release it.
Nitrogen cycle: bacteria convert atmospheric N₂ into usable forms.
Water cycle: evaporation → condensation → precipitation → runoff.
Climate Change
Enhanced greenhouse effect from burning fossil fuels (CO₂, CH₄) traps more heat. Consequences: rising temperatures, melting ice, sea level rise, extreme weather events, shifting ecosystems.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity = variety of life. More diverse ecosystems are more stable and resilient. Threats: habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, climate change, overexploitation (the 5 main drivers of biodiversity loss).
Pollution Types
- Air pollution: NOx, SOx, particulates (smog, acid rain)
- Water pollution: agricultural runoff, plastics, sewage
- Soil pollution: pesticides, heavy metals
- Noise/light pollution: disrupt ecosystems and human health
Sustainability
Using resources to meet today's needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs (Brundtland Commission, 1987). Key strategies: renewable energy, recycling, conservation, sustainable agriculture.
FAQ
What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather = short-term atmospheric conditions. Climate = long-term patterns over 30+ years.
Quick Quiz
Test what you just learned. Choose the best answer for each question.