TPCASTT Method

Title (before reading) → Paraphrase → Connotation → Attitude/Tone → Shift → Title (after reading) → Theme

Sound Devices

DeviceDefinition
AlliterationRepeated consonant sounds at word starts
AssonanceRepeated vowel sounds within words
ConsonanceRepeated consonant sounds within/at end of words
OnomatopoeiaWords that imitate sounds (buzz, crash)
Rhyme schemePattern of end rhymes (ABAB, AABB…)

Meter & Form

Iambic pentameter: 10 syllables per line, unstressed-STRESSED pattern (Shakespeare's default).
Free verse has no regular meter or rhyme. Sonnets = 14 lines.

Figurative Language in Poetry

Metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, imagery — all intensified in poetry. Look for extended metaphors that run through the entire poem.

Identifying Theme

Theme is the universal message, not the topic. Topic = "death." Theme = "death forces us to value what we have."

FAQ

Does every poem rhyme? No. Free verse (no rhyme or meter) is extremely common in modern poetry.

Quick Quiz

Test what you just learned. Choose the best answer for each question.